Research and impact

Ogle, Graham & Gregory, Gabriel & Wang, Fei & Robinson, Thomas & Maniam, Jayanthi & Magliano, Dianna & Orchard, Trevor. (2023). The T1D Index: Implications of Initial Results, Data Limitations, and Future Development. Current diabetes reports. DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01520-4

Pendsey S, James S, Garrett TJ, Nord AB, Pendsey S, Malmodin D, Karlsson G, Maniam J, Atkinson MA, Forsander G, Ogle GD. Insulin thermostability in a real-world setting. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Mar 2023;11(5):154-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00028-1

Beran D, Højlund K, Besançon S, Mundt ML, Ogle GD, Ramaiya K, Robinson T, Svensson J, Tuomilehto J, Wild S, Green A. A plan to improve global type 1 diabetes epidemiology data. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Mar 2023;11(3):154-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00029-3

Wu H, Patterson CC, Zhang X, Ghani RBA, Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ, Ogle GD, Luk AOY. Worldwide estimates of incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Mar 2022;185:109785. https://doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109785

Ogle GD, James S, Dabelea D, Pihoker C, Svennson J, Maniam J, Klatman EL, Patterson CC. Global estimates of incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Atlas, 10th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Jan 2022;183:109083.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109083

Nóvoa-Medina Y, Pavlovic-Nesic S, González-Martín JM, Hernández-Betancor A, López S, Domínguez-García A, Quinteiro-Domínguez S, Cabrera M, De La Cuesta A, Caballero-Fernández E, González-Perera MA, De Miguel-Martínez I, Ogle GD, Wägner AM. Role of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the appearance of new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Gran Canaria, Spain. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. Mar 28 2022;35(3):393-397. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0727

Morla E, Ibrahim A, Ogle GD, James S, Maniam J, Almanzar R, Rosario C, Matos A, Ruiz L, Martinez P, Lopez J. Incidence of type 1 diabetes in children in Dominican Republic, 2010-2019: A national collaborative study. Pediatr Diabetes. Nov 2022;23(7):976-981. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13380

James S, Maniam J, Cheung PT, Urakami T, von Oettingen J, Likitmaskul S, Ogle G. Epidemiology and phenotypes of diabetes in children and adolescents in non-European-origin populations in or from Western Pacific region. World J Clin Pediatr. Mar 9 2022;11(2):173-195. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.173

Gregory GA, Robinson TIG, Linklater SE, Wang F, Colagiuri S, de Beaufort C, Donaghue KC, Magliano DJ, Maniam J, Orchard TJ, Rai P, Ogle GD. Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Oct 2022;10(10):741-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00218-2

Brennan F, Williams P, Armstrong K, Klatman E, Donelan N, Ogle GD, Eussen A, Jenkins AJ. A human rights-based approach to improve access to insulin and other aspects of diabetes care. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Jan 2022;183:109153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109153

Besançon S, Govender D, Sidibé AT, Noble JA, Togo A, Lane JA, Mack SJ, Atkinson MA, Wasserfall CH, Kakkat F, Martin GGN, Ogle GD. Clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Mali. Pediatr Diabetes. Dec 2022;23(8):1552-1559. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13411

Zabeen B, Maniam J, Balsa AMM, Tayyeb S, Huda K, Azad K, Ogle GD. Incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. Apr 27 2021;34(4):509-515. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0671

Souris KJ, Caballero Gonzales MDC, Barrington C, Klatman EL, Anderson BJ, Duarte E, Middlehurst AC, Nostas MC, Ogle GD. ‘La Vida Normal’: Young people adapting to Type 1 diabetes in Bolivia. Chronic Illn. Sep 2021;17(3):189-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742395319843172

Sandy JL, Besançon S, Sidibé AT, Minkailou M, Togo A, Ogle GD. Rapid increases in observed incidence and prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in children and youth in Mali, 2007-2016. Pediatr Diabetes. Jun 2021;22(4):545-551. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13191

Mebrahtu G, Maniam J, James S, Ogle GD. High incidence of type 1 diabetes in adolescents and young adults in Eritrea. Diabet Med. Jul 2021;38(7):e14544. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14544

Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ, committee IDFDAtes. IDF Diabetes Atlas. IDF Diabetes Atlas. International Diabetes Federation© International Diabetes Federation, 2021.; 2021.

Jean-Baptiste E, Larco P, von Oettingen J, Ogle GD, Moïse K, Fleury-Milfort E, Paul R, Charles R, Larco NC. Efficacy of a New Protocol of Premixed 70/30 Human Insulin in Haitian Youth with Diabetes. Diabetes Ther. Sep 2021;12(9):2545-2556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01130-x

Ibrahim TAM, Govender D, Abdullah MA, Noble JA, Hussien MO, Lane JA, Mack SJ, Martin GGN, Atkinson MA, Wasserfall CH, Ogle GD. Clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Sudan. Pediatr Diabetes. Aug 2021;22(5):749-757. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13209

Habineza JC, James S, Sibomana L, Klatman E, Uwingabire E, Maniam J, Ogle GD. Perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adults with type 1 diabetes in Rwanda. Pan Afr Med J. 2021;40:252. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.40.252.28899

Chan JCN, Lim LL, Wareham NJ, Shaw JE, Orchard TJ, Zhang P, Lau ESH, Eliasson B, Kong APS, Ezzati M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, McGill M, Levitt NS, Ning G, So WY, Adams J, Bracco P, Forouhi NG, Gregory GA, Guo J, Hua X, Klatman EL, Magliano DJ, Ng BP, Ogilvie D, Panter J, Pavkov M, Shao H, Unwin N, White M, Wou C, Ma RCW, Schmidt MI, Ramachandran A, Seino Y, Bennett PH, Oldenburg B, Gagliardino JJ, Luk AOY, Clarke PM, Ogle GD, Davies MJ, Holman RR, Gregg EW. The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet. Dec 19 2021;396(10267):2019-2082. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32374-6

Tuomilehto J, Ogle GD, Lund-Blix NA, Stene LC. Update on Worldwide Trends in Occurrence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in 2020. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. Mar 2020;17(Suppl 1):198-209. https://doi.org/10.17458/per.vol17.2020.tol.epidemiologychildtype1diabetes

Majeed NA, Shiruhana SA, Maniam J, Eigenmann CA, Siyan A, Ogle GD. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of diabetes in children and adolescents aged under 20 years in the Republic of Maldives. J Paediatr Child Health. May 2020;56(5):746-750. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14726

Klatman EL, Ogle GD. Access to insulin delivery devices and glycated haemoglobin in lower-income countries. World J Diabetes. Aug 15 2020;11(8):358-369. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v11.i8.358

Klatman EL, Besançon S, Bahendeka S, Mayige M, Ogle GD. COVID-19 and type 1 diabetes: Challenges and actions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Aug 2020;166:108275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108275

Gregory GA, Guo J, Klatman EL, Ahmadov GA, Besançon S, Gomez ED, Fawwad A, Ramaiya K, Wijesuriya MA, Orchard TJ, Ogle GD. Costs and outcomes of “intermediate” vs “minimal” care for youth-onset type 1 diabetes in six countries. Pediatr Diabetes. Jun 2020;21(4):628-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12988

Fawwad A, Waris N, Askari S, Ogle G, Ahmedani MY, Basit A. Relationship of C-peptide levels to duration of Type 1 diabetes – A study from Sindh, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. May-Jun 2020;36(4):765-769. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1531

Condie AM, Allen TV, Ogle GD. Incidence and characteristics of childhood- and youth-onset diabetes in the Qalandarabad area in northern Pakistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. May 2020;163:108155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108155

Zabeen B, Govender D, Hassan Z, Noble JA, Lane JA, Mack SJ, Atkinson MA, Azad K, Wasserfall CH, Ogle GD. Clinical features, biochemistry and HLA-DRB1 status in children and adolescents with diabetes in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Dec 2019;158:107894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107894

Patterson CC, Karuranga S, Salpea P, Saeedi P, Dahlquist G, Soltesz G, Ogle GD. Worldwide estimates of incidence, prevalence and mortality of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Nov 2019;157:107842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107842

Ogle GD, von Oettingen JE, Middlehurst AC, Hanas R, Orchard TJ. Levels of type 1 diabetes care in children and adolescents for countries at varying resource levels. Pediatr Diabetes. Feb 2019;20(1):93-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12801

Mota-Oropeza ME, Bartley HE, Hernández-Pérez ND, Lara AG, Vázquez-López NA, Flores MF, Velázquez MM, Castañeda-Saldivar MJ, Middlehurst AC, Jenkins AJ, Ogle GD. Providing quality care for children and adolescents with diabetes from lower-income families in Mexico. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. Oct 25 2019;32(10):1139-1146. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0363

Klatman EL, McKee M, Ogle GD. Documenting and visualising progress towards Universal Health Coverage of insulin and blood glucose test strips for people with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Nov 2019;157:107859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107859

Klatman EL, Jenkins AJ, Ahmedani MY, Ogle GD. Blood glucose meters and test strips: global market and challenges to access in low-resource settings. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Feb 2019;7(2):150-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30074-3

Fawwad A, Govender D, Ahmedani MY, Basit A, Lane JA, Mack SJ, Atkinson MA, Henry Wasserfall C, Ogle GD, Noble JA. Clinical features, biochemistry and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Pakistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Mar 2019;149:9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.023

Blackstock S, Witham MD, Wade AN, Crampin A, Beran D, Ogle GD, Davies JI. Ability of verbal autopsy data to detect deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia: testing existing methods and development and validation of a novel weighted score. BMJ Open. Oct 18 2019;9(10):e026331. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026331

Rowlands A, Ameyaw E, Rutagarama F, Dipesalema J, Majaliwa ES, Mbogo J, Ogle GD, Chanoine JP. Insights from the WHO and National Lists of Essential Medicines: Focus on Pediatric Diabetes Care in Africa. Horm Res Paediatr. 2018;90(2):82-92. https://doi.org/10.1159/000490467

Rakhimova GN, Alimova NU, Ryaboshtan A, Waldman B, Ogle GD, Ismailov SI. Epidemiological data of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Uzbekistan, 1998-2014. Pediatr Diabetes. Feb 2018;19(1):158-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12495

Lim LL, Lau ESH, Kong APS, Davies MJ, Levitt NS, Eliasson B, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Ning G, Seino Y, So WY, McGill M, Ogle GD, Orchard TJ, Clarke P, Holman RR, Gregg EW, Gagliardino JJ, Chan JCN. Aspects of Multicomponent Integrated Care Promote Sustained Improvement in Surrogate Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. Jun 2018;41(6):1312-1320. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-2010

Friedemann-Sánchez G, Capistrant BD, Ron J, Novak L, Zuijdwijk C, Ogle GD, Anderson B, Moran A, Pendsey S. Caregiving for children with type 1 diabetes and clinical outcomes in central India: The IDREAM study. Pediatr Diabetes. May 2018;19(3):527-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12567

Ahmadov GA, Govender D, Atkinson MA, Sultanova RA, Eubova AA, Wasserfall CH, Mack SJ, Lane JA, Noble JA, Ogle GD. Epidemiology of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Azerbaijan: Incidence, clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Oct 2018;144:252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.09.009

Duarte Gómez E, Gregory GA, Castrati Nostas M, Middlehurst AC, Jenkins AJ, Ogle GD. Incidence and Mortality Rates and Clinical Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes among Children and Young Adults in Cochabamba, Bolivia. J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017:8454757. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8454757

Capistrant BD, Friedemann-Sánchez G, Novak LK, Zuijdwijk C, Ogle GD, Pendsey S. Mental health and well-being among type 1 diabetes caregivers in India: Evidence from the IDREAM study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Dec 2017;134:168-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.10.009

Atun R, Davies JI, Gale EAM, Bärnighausen T, Beran D, Kengne AP, Levitt NS, Mangugu FW, Nyirenda MJ, Ogle GD, Ramaiya K, Sewankambo NK, Sobngwi E, Tesfaye S, Yudkin JS, Basu S, Bommer C, Heesemann E, Manne-Goehler J, Postolovska I, Sagalova V, Vollmer S, Abbas ZG, Ammon B, Angamo MT, Annamreddi A, Awasthi A, Besançon S, Bhadriraju S, Binagwaho A, Burgess PI, Burton MJ, Chai J, Chilunga FP, Chipendo P, Conn A, Joel DR, Eagan AW, Gishoma C, Ho J, Jong S, Kakarmath SS, Khan Y, Kharel R, Kyle MA, Lee SC, Lichtman A, Malm CP, Mbaye MN, Muhimpundu MA, Mwagomba BM, Mwangi KJ, Nair M, Niyonsenga SP, Njuguna B, Okafor OLO, Okunade O, Park PH, Pastakia SD, Pekny C, Reja A, Rotimi CN, Rwunganira S, Sando D, Sarriera G, Sharma A, Sidibe A, Siraj ES, Syed AS, Van Acker K, Werfalli M. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Aug 2017;5(8):622-667. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30181-x

Ameyaw E, Asafo-Agyei SB, Thavapalan S, Middlehurst AC, Ogle GD. Clinical profile of diabetes at diagnosis among children and adolescents at an endocrine clinic in Ghana. World J Diabetes. Sep 15 2017;8(9):429-435. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v8.i9.429

Piloya-Were T, Sunni M, Ogle GD, Moran A. Childhood diabetes in Africa. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. Aug 2016;23(4):306-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/med.0000000000000262

Ogle GD, Morrison MK, Silink M, Taito RS. Incidence and prevalence of diabetes in children aged <15 yr in Fiji, 2001-2012. Pediatr Diabetes. May 2016;17(3):222-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12257

Ogle GD, Middlehurst AC, Silink M. The IDF Life for a Child Program Index of diabetes care for children and youth. Pediatr Diabetes. Aug 2016;17(5):374-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12296

Marshall SL, Edidin DV, Arena VC, Becker DJ, Bunker CH, Gishoma C, Gishoma F, LaPorte RE, Kaberuka V, Ogle G, Sibomana L, Orchard TJ. Glucose control in Rwandan youth with type 1 diabetes following establishment of systematic, HbA1c based, care and education. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Jan 2015;107(1):113-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.045

Patterson C, Guariguata L, Dahlquist G, Soltész G, Ogle G, Silink M. Diabetes in the young – a global view and worldwide estimates of numbers of children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Feb 2014;103(2):161-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.005

Marshall SL, Edidin D, Sharma V, Ogle G, Arena VC, Orchard T. Current clinical status, glucose control, and complication rates of children and youth with type 1 diabetes in Rwanda. Pediatr Diabetes. May 2013;14(3):217-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12007

Atkinson MA, Ogle GD. Improving diabetes care in resource-poor countries: challenges and opportunities. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Dec 2013;1(4):268-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70172-4

In 2014, The Leona M and Harry B Helmsley Charitable Trust commissioned the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to conduct a comprehensive formal evaluation of the work of Life for a Child.

The work was conducted by a team lead by Professor Martin McKee and Dr. Sue Atkinson. Site visits were done in five countries: Rwanda, India, Jamaica, Mexico, and Philippines.

The review covered five themes:

• Life for a Child structure and organization
• Optimal strategic framework for high impact sustainable results
• Changes to polices that could improve quality, quantity, efficiency and effectiveness
• Impacts on countries, systems and children
• Impact on long term sustainability in T1D care delivery systems

The review overall shows that Life for a Child is a strong programme that is delivered well and is highly valued by the countries and the children, young people and their families that are supported by it. It is clear that Life for a Child enables children and young people with type 1 diabetes to survive and, as the programme and country policies strengthen, enables them also to thrive.

Life for a Child already does many things right and the team, albeit small, are extremely dedicated and enthusiastic. Many aspects are to be applauded and continued.

The review identifies Life for a Child’s strengths and challenges. It focuses particularly on the Programme’s engagement in-country and on how Life for a Child develops a strategic direction for care and treatment of type 1 diabetes. It identifies a need for developing country leadership and building local capacity, implementing approaches that catalyze systemic improvements in type 1 diabetes care delivery systems.

The ultimate goal must be for people with type 1 diabetes to be able to get good treatment and care within their country’s health system. Unfortunately, this does not appear to be a realistic goal in the short term in most countries. Nevertheless, there is a need for a higher priority to be given to the medium and long-term sustainability of the support provided for children with type 1 diabetes, making full use of the experiences gathered by Life for a Child and the information that it has collected on burden of disease, health needs, and barriers to be overcome in obtaining effective care by people with type 1 diabetes.

The five themes are explored in depth and recommendations made in relation to each”.

Work is now underway to strengthen sustainability aspects and implement the other recommendations of the report.

The full report is available here.

Graham D. Ogle, Jingchuan Guo, Gunduz A. Ahmadov, Asher Fawwad, Gabriel A. Gregory, Emma l. Klatman and Trevor J. Orchard. Establishing Cost-Effectiveness of “Acceptable” T1D Care in Less-Resourced Countries. View abstract.

Gregory GA, Ogle GD. Where are the missing children?: Development and Implications of Improved Type 1 Diabetes Prevalence Estimates in Less-Resourced Countries American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions, San Diego, June 2017. Email LFAC for copy.

Noble JA, Mack SJ, Lane JA, Ahmadov G, Ahmedani Y, Fawwad A, Zabeen B, Sidibé A, Besançon S, Abdullah M, von Oettingen JE, Larco N, Larco P, Jean-Baptiste E, Atkinson MA, Silink M, Ogle G. Extreme variability of risk for HLA “DR3” (DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01) among world populations. American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions, San Diego, June 2017. Email LFAC for copy.

Jean-Baptiste E, Larco P, von Oettingen J, Larco N, Charles MD, Charles R, Atkinson MA, Noble J, Ogle G. Autoimmunity and beta-cell function among youth with diabetes in Haiti. American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions, San Diego, June 2017. Email LFAC for copy.

Sibomana L, Briskin I, Rwabufigiri B, Gishoma C, NarayananS, Baker J, Ogle G, Orchard T. Diabetes-related Quality of Life (QoL) in Rwandan youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions, San Diego, June 2017. Email LFAC for copy.

Balsa AM, Zabeen B, Ogle GD, Tayyeb S, Azad K. Incidence estimate of type 1 Diabetes in Youth in Dhaka. European Congress of Endocrinology, Barcelona, Sept. 2017. Email LFAC for copy.

Ogle GD, Govender D, Ahmadov G, Zabeen B, Besançon S, Fawwad A, Baptiste EJ, Silink M, Noble J, Wasserfall C, Atkinson M. IDF Life for a Child six-country epidemiology study – preliminary results from Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Mali, and Pakistan. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Annual Conference, Valencia, Oct 2016. Email LFAC for copy.

Ogle GD, da Rocha Fernandes J, Besançon S, Ramaiya K, Ahmadov G, Orchard T, Makaroff L. Costs to governments of type 1 care in less-resourced countries – three scenarios for different income levels. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Annual Conference, Valencia, Oct 2016. Email LFAC for copy.

Carpenter C, Lorgeat V, Mascary MC et al. Outcomes of pediatric diabetes in resource limited settings: report from one pediatric center in Haiti. Conference poster Pediatric Academic Societies Baltimore, Apr 2016 Email LFAC for copy.

Sibomana L, Orchard T. Challenges and opportunities in managing type 1 diabetes in Rwanda. Conference abstract World Diabetes Congress, Vancouver, Dec. 2015, Vancouver Email LFAC for copy.

Ackley T, Barone M, Middlehurst A. Diabetes Camp – A successful international diabetes education program for youth. World Diabetes Congress, Vancouver, Dec. 2015. Email LFAC for copy.

Ogle GD, Middlehurst AC, Silink M. Estimate of numbers of children and youth <26 years of age in lower-income countries who need help to receive standard diabetes care. International
Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Annual Conference, Montreal, Oct 2014 Email LFAC for copy.

Middlehurst AC, Besançon S, Sidibé AT, Aghassoum W, Majeed N, Shiruhana A, Gishoma C, Marshall SL, Orchard TJ, Ogle GD, Silink M. Establishment of diabetes registers in four under-resourced African countries. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Annual Conference, Montreal, Oct 2014 Email LFAC for copy.

Orchard TJ, Sibomana L, Miller R & on behalf of the Association Rwandaise des Diabetiques, the National University of Rwanda, the University of Pittsburgh, and the Life for a Child Programme. Evaluation of differing type 1 treatment regimens in Rwanda. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Toronto, 2014. Email LFAC for copy.

Ogle G. Diabetes during natural disasters and political crises. International Diabetes Federation World Diabetes Congress, Melbourne, Dec 2013. Email LFAC for copy.

Zuijdwijk CS, Pendsey S, Ron J, Williams KA, Akki S, Chalkhore S, Ogle G, Ahmet A. Management of type 1 diabetes in a limited resource context: A study of the DREAM Trust model in Nagpur, India. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Annual Conference, Gothenburg, Oct 2013. Email LFAC for copy.

Paudyal B, Ogle G, Shestra S, Allen H. Treating type 1 diabetes in Nepal: experiences from Patan hospital and the International Federation Life for a Child Program. Pediatric Diabetes 2012; 13 (Suppl 17): 136 Email LFAC for copy.

i) Published papers

Bratina N, Annan F, Wysocki T. Pierce J, Calliar LE, Pacaud D, Adolfsson P, Dovc K, Middehurst A, Goss P, Goss J, Janson S, Acerini CL. 2018 ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines. Management and support of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in school. Published in Pediatric Diabetes

Hogerzeil HV, Recourt S. Company and Company-supported Programmes with a Component of Donated Insulin in Low- and Middle-income Countries. Health Action International. Amsterdam; 2018. Full Paper pdf

Hilliard ME, Oser SM, Close KL, Liu NF, Hood KK, Anderson BJ. From Individuals to International Policy: Achievements and Ongoing Needs in Diabetes Advocacy. Vol. 15, Current Diabetes Reports. 2015. PubMed Link

Noorani M, Ramaiya K, Manji K. Glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents in a resource limited setting in Dar es Salaam – Tanzania. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2016;16 Full Paper pdf

Majaliwa ES, Munubhi E, Ramaiya K et al. Survey on acute and chronic complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2187-2192. PubMed link

Haugvik S, Beran D, Klassen P, Hussain A, Haaland A. “My heart burns” – A qualitative study of perceptions and experiences of type 1 diabetes among children and youths in Tajikistan. Chronic Illn 2017:13:128-139. PubMed link

Muze KC, Majaliwa ES. Type 1 diabetes care updates: Tanzania. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015;19(Suppl 1):S12-S13. PubMed link

Azad K. Type 1 diabetes: the Bangladesh perspective. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015;19(Suppl 1):S9-S11. PubMed link

Daneman D. State of the world’s children with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2009,10:120-126. PubMed Link

ii) Abstracts

Dayashankar U, Rao SG, Rangaraj U, Shivaraj V, Little EE, Hedge A et al. Insulin, love and care: Poor response” subset in a “have-not” FREE type 1 diabetes clinic [DISHA] in India. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Annual Conference, Montreal, Oct 2014 Email LFAC for copy.

Ismailov S, Rakhimova G, Alimova N, Akbarov A, Tashmanova A, Alikhanova N, Bahadirov S, Nigmatov M. Estimation of compensation and prevalence of chronic complications of type 1 DM in children and teenagers according to the screening data. International Diabetes Federation World Diabetes Congress, Melbourne, Dec 2013. Email LFAC for copy.

Gbayeah J, Somah C, Codill R, von Oettingen JE. Juvenile diabetes in Liberia – spreading the word. Pediatr Diabetes 2012;13:143. Email LFAC for copy.

Duarte de Muňoz E. Managing children with diabetes in Bolivia, an Underserved Country. International Diabetes Federation World Diabetes Congress, Montreal, October 2009. Email LFAC for copy.

Ismailov SI, Raghimova GN, Alimove NU. Diabetes in Uzbekistan: New horizons and collaboration ways. Montreal, October Dec 2009. Email LFAC for copy.